简而言之: 从基本的升级到重大的改造项目, hospitals can take different approaches to meeting patients’ evolving expectations for the birthing experience.
Since pregnant people started delivering babies in healthcare facilities in the early 1900s, labor and delivery facilities have been continuously evolving—and with that, 潮流和时尚来了又去(又回来). 早在20世纪20年代， 美国的大多数婴儿都是在医院出生的, thanks to the notion of a painless birth that began to emerge with anesthetic techniques. 从那时起, 助产士的使用, 在家分娩, 水中分娩也经历了受欢迎的阶段. 最近，医院不得不决定是否建造 labor, delivery, and recovery (LDR) or labor, delivery, recovery, and postpartum (LDRP) units.
1. http://pregnancy-info.net/childbirth-history/hosp..。
2.A History Of Dads In Delivery Rooms : Shots - Health News : NPR
3. 生育选择|美国怀孕协会
4. The Baby-Friendly Initiative: Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding - PMC (nih.gov)
5. 历史-美国生育中心协会
Organizations planning for emerging trends in the birthing experience have to account for unit sizing, 空间的外观和感觉, the environment of care and the way it contributes to patient safety and quality, 以及护理和其他工作人员的需求. 病人注意到他们的医院设施, and while their decision for a birthing facility may be based primarily on insurance access and where their doctor attends births, patients also choose a facility based on the expectation that it will include certain comforts and amenities.
因此，我们看到使用诸如 水疗中心- or 酒店式 are now commonplace in descriptions of hospital birth centers. And features that were was previously considered luxury items—like a soaking bathtub—are now becoming standard amenities. Meeting patient expectations on such amenities is key to maintaining obstetrical volumes as patients shop for places that offer their desired birthing experience.
出生率一直呈下降趋势, 虽然最新数据显示有小幅增长, 预计它们不会恢复到以前的水平. 此外，越来越多的 全国各地的产房和产房都在关闭, providing both opportunities and challenges for hospitals and health system to ensure that they can meet the needs of their community.
随着市场对舒适设施的关注越来越多, leaders of obstetric facilities need to take stock of their care environments. 云顶集团40011官网的财政受到限制, and facilities should consider updates or upgrades that will help them be competitive while also fitting within their available capital budgets.
升级设施
当涉及到提高病人的体验, 在便利设施的竞争中保持现代化, 确保现在的房间足够大, 考虑以下几点:
- 为新扩建的家庭精心设计, 包括现代室内装饰, 舒适的家具, 易于导航的布局
- 给配偶的空间, 合作伙伴, 家庭, 和朋友, including a comfortable space for a support person to sleep overnight (e.g.(可以变成床的沙发)
- 室内设施，如冰箱, 放母乳和吸奶器的地方, 咖啡机, 还有一个坐下来吃饭的地方
- 如果不是所有的房间都可以升级, then a tiered room package in which patients can pay for added amenities may be a good option.
- 双人床或非医院病床
- Space for portable water birth tubs; since water birth is a trend that ebbs and flows, a portable tub can support patient’s wishes without permanent renovation or dedicated space
对于一个小的改造
如果你没有能力推倒墙壁, 关闭机组, 或者制定复杂的分阶段计划, 小型改造项目的替代方案是可用的. Consider uses for excess capacity and evaluate upgrades such as:
- Spa tubs in the room for relaxation and pain relief during labor (distinct from a birthing tub)
- 尽量减少噪音和增强室内照明的方法
- 听觉上, that means reducing noise coming in from the corridor and staff workstations (call systems, 其他正在分娩的婴儿, 等.)，同时尽量减少机器在房间里发出的嗡嗡声.
- 关于照明, 它包括白天适当的采光, 夜间室外人工照明, 用于特殊程序和医疗需要的照明, 柔和的室内照明.
- 指定的空间，以满足员工的需要，如聚会区, 充电地点, 以及哺乳室等功能区
- 靠近产房的空间，以适应助产师的角色, 助产士, and other alternative support systems as organizations focus on an expanded care team
- 标识、寻路和融入当地语言
- 厨房和洗衣房在产前的地板上
- 专注于支持高质量护理的设计, with ample supplies in appropriate locations and minimal variation on the unit
进行重大改造
If your organization has the resources for a major remodel that would require temporarily closing parts of the unit or restructuring its layout, 考虑:
- Expanding room size, or combining rooms to create a few “suites” with 家庭 sitting areas (e.g.(沙发、电视)放在与送货区分开的地方.
- Creating space for the NICLET (or couplet) model whereby the 家庭 and NICU baby can 一起度过产后恢复期.
- Adding a 家庭 lounge where the 家庭 can access a coffee bar, 买新鲜的零食, 坐在桌边吃饭, 离开病房休息一下.
- 评估L的接近度&D ORs to your delivery rooms and relocating them to improve patient safety and care quality.
- Colocating the NICU and specialty care nursery (SCN) when possible.
- Optimizing the patient experience and operations of OB triage efficiencies and space use.
- 确保产科分诊和L&D单元 are easy for patients to find and access during all hours of the day.
- 这取决于项目的设施和规模, this may include creating a separate entrance to OB triage with a simple pathway to the L&D单元.
- Focusing upgrades to improve patient, 家庭, provider, and staff comfort.
除了员工的反馈, 目视检查, 设施评估, look at your patient comments and HCAHPS ratings for clues as to the challenges your hospital faces that may be facility related. Survey your providers for their assessment of the facility and take their suggestions into account. 比如工作人员, they spend a lot of time on the unit and have valuable feedback on its usability and challenges. 不管你在考虑什么样的改造, 考虑一下设施的整体外观, 因为它很可能被拍照, 录下, and shared on social media—one trend that’s unlikely to fade anytime soon.
面向未来的灵活性
Each facility should consider its market and long-term strategy in planning for renovations, as well as the ability to respond to anticipated future trends. 你认为会有更多的低危患者还是高危患者? What does the future hold for midwifery and maternal-fetal medicine at the organization? Align the design with your 5- or 10-year strategy and ensure it informs the overall direction of facility changes.
Keeping flexibility as a principle in design will help ensure long-term usability given future trends. 日益增长的消费主义很可能成为常态, 让产科病房更有吸引力, comfortable space—in addition to providing the highest-quality services—will be imperative to long-term success.
编辑: 马特杂粮面包
出版于2022年11月2日